TL;DR – What You Need to Know About Made in America 2.0
U.S. manufacturing (Made in America) is booming again—but the reasons have changed.
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Under Biden (2021–2024): Reshoring was powered by clean energy subsidies, EV credits, and the CHIPS Act. Major investments from Intel, Micron, and Ford followed.
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Under Trump (2025–now): Biden’s programs were frozen or repurposed. But companies like TSMC and Nvidia are investing even more—fueled by Trump’s tariffs, deregulation, and national security push.
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Why Reshoring Continues:
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25%+ China tariffs
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Fast-tracked permits
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State-level tax breaks
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Geopolitical pressure to localize supply chains
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What’s at risk: EV and renewable projects are slowing down due to uncertainty over frozen federal funds.
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Bottom line: Reshoring isn’t slowing—it’s shifting. The industrial comeback now looks less green and more red, white, and strategically hardwired.
Introduction: A New Chapter for Reshoring
It’s official: “Made in America” has entered its second season—and the plot twist is huge. After a flurry of federal incentives and climate-driven policies under President Biden, 2025 brought Donald Trump back into the Oval Office—and with him, a full-blown reshoring remix. Forget green energy tax credits. Now it’s tariffs, trade threats, and red tape slashing.
Since 2020, U.S. factory construction spending has more than tripled, surpassing $200 billion annually by late 2024. Reshoring Initiative data shows that over 400,000 manufacturing jobs were announced between 2021 and 2024, with semiconductors and EV supply chains leading the charge.
The Policy Pivot: Biden vs Trump
If Biden’s reshoring plan was fueled by subsidies and climate goals, Trump’s is powered by protectionism and a ‘get-it-done’ ethos. Here’s how the strategies compare:
| Category | Biden Era (2021–2024) | Trump Era (2025–Present) |
|---|---|---|
| Federal Incentives | CHIPS Act, IRA, EV credits | IRA frozen, CHIPS repurposed |
| Clean Energy | Tax credits, charging networks, renewables | Funding paused, fossil fuel revival |
| Reshoring Strategy | Subsidies + ESG + resilience | Tariffs + fast permits + national security |
Made in America Investments Under Biden (Pre-2025)
During Biden’s term, Washington wrote big checks for clean energy and semiconductors. The result? A reshoring boom:
- Intel: $20B fabs in Arizona, expected to employ over 3,000 high-skilled workers by 2026.
- Micron: $100B pledge for New York fab in Clay, NY—the largest private investment in state history, supported by $5.5B in state incentives.
- Ford & SK: $11.4B investment to build BlueOval City and battery campuses in Kentucky and Tennessee, projected to create 11,000 jobs.
- Toyota: $3.8B battery plant expansion in North Carolina.
- GM & LG: Ultium EV battery production in Ohio, Michigan, and Tennessee, tied to IRA-linked tax credits.
Made in America Investments Under Trump (2025–Present)
Despite freezing green subsidies, Trump’s policies triggered an even bigger boom—especially in chips and AI:
- TSMC: $100B expansion—five new fabs in Arizona. Three of the fabs will produce 3nm and 2nm chips, with full operations expected by 2029. This builds on a prior $65B commitment.
- Nvidia: $500B committed to U.S.-based AI infrastructure, including data centers in Texas, Ohio, and North Carolina. CEO Jensen Huang praised new permitting rules for accelerating deployment.
- Apple: Expanding final assembly operations in Mexico and North America to reduce exposure to China-based production.
- IBM & Lockheed: Partnered with the Pentagon to expand U.S. quantum computing and advanced defense electronics manufacturing in upstate New York.
- Chevron, Halliburton, and other fossil fuel firms have launched over $25B in new drilling equipment and refinery expansions since Trump’s executive order easing environmental reviews.
Why Companies Are Still Reshoring
Even with frozen subsidies, there’s no shortage of motivation:
- Tariffs: Trump reinstated and expanded 25%+ tariffs on a wide range of Chinese imports, prompting manufacturers to shift operations stateside or to Mexico.
- Regulatory fast-tracks: Trump’s “Unleashing American Energy” order in Jan. 2025 slashed permitting timelines by up to 50% for large industrial projects.
- National security: The Pentagon designated AI and advanced chips as national security priorities, triggering DOD contracting preference for domestic facilities.
- State support: States like Texas, Arizona, and New York continue offering multi-billion-dollar incentive packages—including tax abatements, land grants, and infrastructure investments.
Who’s at Risk or Pulling Back
EV-first and green energy players are rethinking plans:
- Ford has paused construction on parts of its second BlueOval battery campus, citing “regulatory uncertainty.”
- Micron is revising its New York buildout schedule pending legal clarity on federal matching funds.
- NextEra and other renewable developers have delayed solar and wind projects as tax credits remain frozen.
The Bigger Picture: Is “Made in America” Now Bipartisan?
Turns out reshoring is one of the few things both parties agree on. They just disagree on how to do it. Biden used carrots. Trump prefers sticks. The result: factories, one way or another. The approach may vary, but the momentum to decouple from Chinese supply chains—and reindustrialize key sectors—isn’t going anywhere.
Conclusion: Reshoring Isn’t Dead—It’s Rewired
The U.S. is still winning back manufacturing. But the path has shifted—from green subsidies to tariff-powered self-interest. What began as a climate-focused industrial policy has morphed into a geopolitically motivated supply chain reset. No matter the politics, the reshoring wave rolls on. Just don’t expect it to look like the brochure from 2022.
